Benchmarks / Knowledge

GPQA Diamond

GPQA Diamond: graduate-level science multiple choice; accuracy.

404models
–Open Index weight
–last updated

GPQA Diamond

Higher is better · best effort per model

Chart settings
404 of 404 selected

full table below

#ModelEffortScoreCost / taskHarness
1GPT-6 Astraxhigh96.3%––
2Gemini 3.8 Flashhigh95.3%––
3Grok 4.6high94.9%––
4Gemini 3.7 Flashhigh94.5%––
5Muse Spark 1.3xhigh94.1%––
6GPT-5.6 Solmax94.1%––
7Gemini 3.1 Pro–94.1%––
8Fable 5.1max93.7%––
9Opus 5xhigh93.7%––
10Kimi K3max93.5%––
11Qwen 3.8 2.4T-A95B–93.5%––
12GPT-5.5xhigh93.5%––
13Grok 4.5high93.1%––
14MiniMax M3–92.9%––
15Qwen 3.8 Maxmax92.8%––
16DeepSeek V4 Pro 0813max92.8%––
17Gemini 3.6 Flashhigh92.8%––
18Fable 5max92.6%––
19GPT-5.6 Terramax92.5%––
20Qwen 3.8 Flash–92.3%––
21Qwen 3.7 Maxmax92.3%––
22Gemini 3.5 Flashhigh92.2%––
23Opus 4.8max92.0%––
24GPT-5.4xhigh92.0%––
25GLM 5.3max91.7%––
26GPT-5.3 Codexxhigh91.5%––
27Opus 4.7max91.4%––
28DeepSeek V4 Flashmax91.3%––
29GLM 5.3 Flashmax91.2%––
30Sonnet 5max91.1%––
31GPT-5.6 Lunamax91.1%––
32Kimi K2.6–91.1%––
33Grok 4.20–91.1%––
34DeepSeek V4 Flash 0731max90.8%––
35Gemini 3 Prohigh90.8%––
36Agnes 2.5 Pro Beta–90.5%––
37Qwen 3.8 27Bxhigh90.5%––
38DeepSeek V4 Pro 0424high90.5%––
39Muse Spark 1.2xhigh90.4%––
40GPT-5.2xhigh90.3%––
41Grok 4.3high90.1%––
42Qwen 3.7 Plus–90.0%––
43GPT-5.2 Codexxhigh89.9%––
44Muse Spark 1.1xhigh89.8%––
45Gemini 3 Flash–89.8%––
46Hy3–89.7%––
47Opus 4.6max89.6%––
48Kimi K2.7 Code–89.6%––
49GLM 5.2max89.5%––
50Grok Build 0.1–89.5%––
51Inkling Small–89.5%––
52DeepSeek V4 Flash 0420max89.4%––
53Qwen 3.5 397B-A17B–89.3%––
54Nex-N2-Pro–89.2%––
55Solar Pro 4–89.1%––
56Muse Spark Open (Xhigh)xhigh89.0%––
57Qwen 3.6 Maxmax88.8%––
58Muse Spark–88.4%––
59Qwen 3.6 Plus–88.2%––
60Kimi K2.5–87.9%––
61Grok 4–87.7%––
62Sonnet 4.6max87.5%––
63GPT-5.4 Minixhigh87.5%––
64MiniMax M2.7–87.4%––
65K2 Horizon 375B A23B–87.3%––
66GPT-5.1high87.3%––
67Inklingxhigh87.2%––
68DeepSeek V3.2–87.1%––
69MiMo V2 Pro–87.0%––
70Motif 3 (Beta)–86.9%––
71GLM 5.1–86.8%––
72Nemotron 3 Ultramax86.7%––
73Opus 4.5–86.6%––
74MiMo V2.5 Pro–86.6%––
75Apodex 1.1–86.4%––
76Ling 3.0 Flash–86.2%––
77Qwen 3 Maxmax86.1%––
78GPT-5.1 Codexhigh86.0%––
79GLM 4.7–85.9%––
80Qwen 3.5 27B–85.8%––
81Solar Open2 250B–85.7%––
82A.X-K2–85.7%––
83Qwen 3.5 122B-A10B–85.7%––
84Ring-2.6-1Txhigh85.7%––
85Gemma 4 31B–85.7%––
86MiMo V2–85.5%––
87KAT Coder Pro V2none85.5%––
88Ling 3.0 Flash–85.5%––
89GPT-5high85.4%––
90Grok 4.1 Fast–85.3%––
91MiMo V2.5–84.9%––
92Nanbeige4.1-3B–84.9%––
93MiniMax M2.5–84.8%––
94GLM 5–84.7%––
95Grok 4 Fast–84.7%––
96MiMo V2 Flash–84.6%––
97GPT-5.5 Instant–84.6%––
98JT-4.1 Flash 236B A21B (Non-reasoning)none84.5%––
99o3 pro–84.5%––
100Qwen 3.5 35B-A3B–84.5%––
101Gemini 2.5 Pro–84.4%––
102Qwen 3.6 27B–84.2%––
103Qwen 3.6 35B-A3B–84.1%––
104Gemini 3.5 Flash-Litehigh83.8%––
105Kimi K2–83.8%––
106GPT-5 Codexhigh83.7%––
107Muse Glimmer (High)high83.5%––
108Motif 3–83.4%––
109Sonnet 4.5–83.4%––
110Step 3.5 Flash–83.1%––
111MiniMax M2.1–83.0%––
112K-EXAONE 2.0 0803–82.9%––
113JT-35B-Flashnone82.9%––
114GPT-5 Minihigh82.8%––
115o3–82.7%––
116Qwen 3.5none82.6%––
117Step 3.5 Flash 2603–82.6%––
118K2 Horizon MoVA 36B A4B–82.2%––
119Gemini 3.1 Flash-Litehigh82.2%––
120GPT-5.4 Nanoxhigh81.7%––
121GPT-5.1 Codex Minihigh81.3%––
122DeepSeek R1–81.3%––
123Nova 2.0 Lite (High)high81.1%––
124ERNIE 4.5 300B A47Bnone81.1%––
125GLM 5 V–80.9%––
126Step 3.7 Flashhigh80.9%––
127Opus 4.1–80.9%––
128Qwen 3.5 9B–80.6%––
129G9v3-39A5B–80.5%––
130Nemotron 3 Super 120B A12B (Reasoning)–80.0%––
131Opus 4–79.6%––
132EXAONE 4.5 33B (Reasoning)–79.4%––
133Gemini 2.5 Flash–79.3%––
134Gemma 4 26B–79.2%––
135DeepSeek V3.1–79.2%––
136Grok 3 Minihigh79.1%––
137Qwen 3 235B-A22B–79.0%––
138Nova 2.0 Pro Preview (Medium)medium78.5%––
139o4 minihigh78.4%––
140K-EXAONE (Reasoning)–78.3%––
141GLM 4.5–78.2%––
142gpt-oss-120bhigh78.2%––
143LongCat 2.0–78.0%––
144GLM 4.6–78.0%––
145Sonnet 4–77.7%––
146MiniMax M2–77.7%––
147ERNIE 5.0 Thinking Preview–77.7%––
148Ring-1T–77.4%––
149o3 minihigh77.3%––
150Sonnet 3.7–77.2%––
151Qwen 3–77.2%––
152Qwen 3.5 4B–77.1%––
153Mercury 2high77.0%––
154Mistral Small 4–76.9%––
155Nova 2.0 Lite (Medium)medium76.8%––
156Cogito v2.1 (Reasoning)–76.8%––
157o1–76.5%––
158KAT-Coder-Pro V1none76.4%––
159Doubao Seed Code–76.4%––
160Command A–76.1%––
161INTELLECT-3 (Based on GLM-4.5-Air)–76.1%––
162Nova 2.0 Omni (Medium)medium76.0%––
163Nemotron Cascade 2 30B A3B–75.8%––
164North Mini Code–75.7%––
165NVIDIA Nemotron 3 Nano 30B A3B (Reasoning)–75.7%––
166K2 Horizon 7B–75.3%––
167Gemma 4 12B–75.3%––
168Ling-2.6-1Tnone75.2%––
169Trinity Large Thinking–75.2%––
170Nova 2.0 Pro Preview (Low)low75.1%––
171Mistral Medium 3.5high74.8%––
172Llama Nemotron Super 49B v1.5 (Reasoning)–74.8%––
173Nemotron 3.5 Lightning–74.3%––
174Magistral Medium 1.2medium73.9%––
175EXAONE 4.0 32B (Reasoning)–73.9%––
176Sarvam 105B (High)high73.8%––
177Qwen 3 Codernone73.7%––
178Ling 3.0 Tiny–73.4%––
179Apriel-v1.6-15B-Thinker–73.3%––
180HyperNova 60B 2605 (High, Based on gpt-oss-120b)high73.3%––
181GLM 4.5 Air–73.3%––
182Quasar 438B (Max, Based on GLM-5.2)max73.2%––
183Llama 3.1max72.8%––
184Grok Code Fast 1–72.7%––
185Llama 3.1 405b–72.7%––
186Seed-OSS-36B-Instruct–72.6%––
187Ring-flash-2.0–72.5%––
188Solar Pro 3high72.4%––
189Mi:dm K 2.5 Pro Preview–72.2%––
190GLM 4.6 V–71.9%––
191Ling-1Tnone71.9%––
192Apriel-v1.5-15B-Thinker–71.3%––
193K2 Think V2high71.3%––
194Gemini 2.5 Flash Lite–70.9%––
195Qwen 3 30B-A3B–70.7%––
196MiniCPM5-2B–70.2%––
197Mi:dm K 2.5 Pro–70.1%––
198Gemini 2.0 Flash–70.1%––
199Nova 2.0 Omni (Low)low69.9%––
200Llama 3.1 70b–69.9%––
201Nova 2.0 Lite (Low)low69.8%––
202MiniMax M1–69.7%––
203K-EXAONE (Non-reasoning)none69.5%––
204Motif-2-12.7B-Reasoning–69.5%––
205Grok 3none69.3%––
206K2 Horizon 3.7B–69.2%––
207Step3 VL 10B–69.0%––
208gpt-oss-20bhigh68.8%––
209Solar Pro 2 (Reasoning)high68.7%––
210GLM 4.5 V–68.4%––
211K2-V2 (High)high68.1%––
212Mistral Large 3none68.0%––
213Magistral Medium 1medium67.9%––
214GPT-5 Nanohigh67.6%––
215JT-MINInone67.6%––
216Haiku 4.5–67.2%––
217Llama 4 Mavericknone67.1%––
218DiffusionGemma 26B A4B–66.9%––
219Qwen 3 32B–66.8%––
220Qwen 3 4B–66.7%––
221GPT-4.1none66.6%––
222GPT-4.1 Mininone66.4%––
223Magistral Small 1.2–66.3%––
224Falcon-H1R-7B–66.1%––
225Solar Open 100B (Reasoning)high65.7%––
226Ling-flash-2.0none65.7%––
227DeepSeek V3none65.5%––
228GPT-4onone65.5%––
229Granite 4.2 30B–64.4%––
230Llama 3.3–64.3%––
231Magistral Small 1–64.1%––
232LongCat Flash Litenone63.6%––
233Nova 2.0 Pro Preview (Non-reasoning)none63.6%––
234Sarvam 30B (High)high63.3%––
235Granite 4.2 8B–63.1%––
236Celeris-1none63.1%––
237EXAONE 4.0 32B (Non-reasoning)none62.8%––
238Sonar Reasoning–62.3%––
239Gemini 2.0 Pronone62.2%––
240HyperCLOVA X SEED Think (32B)–61.5%––
241Olmo 3 32B Think–61.0%––
242Qwen 3 14B–60.4%––
243o1 mini–60.3%––
244Nova 2.0 Lite (Non-reasoning)none60.3%––
245Tri-21B-Think–60.1%––
246Sonnet 3.5none59.9%––
247K2-V2 (Medium)medium59.8%––
248Devstral 2none59.4%––
249Ling 2.6 Flashnone59.3%––
250QwQ 32B–59.3%––
251Olmo 3.1 32B Think–59.1%––
252Gemini 1.5 Pronone58.9%––
253Qwen 3 8B–58.9%––
254Mistral Medium 3.1none58.8%––
255Qwen 2.5 Maxnone58.7%––
256Llama 4 Scoutnone58.7%––
257GLM 4.7 Flash–58.1%––
258Solar Pro 2 (Preview) (Reasoning)high57.8%––
259Mistral Medium 3none57.8%––
260Sonar Pronone57.8%––
261Gemma 4 E4B (Reasoning)–57.6%––
262Phi-4none57.5%––
263NVIDIA Nemotron Nano 12B v2 VL (Reasoning)–57.2%––
264Ministral 3 14Bnone57.2%––
265NVIDIA Nemotron Nano 9B V2 (Reasoning)–57.0%––
266Nova Premiernone56.9%––
267Ling-mini-2.0none56.2%––
268Solar Pro 2 (Non-reasoning)none56.1%––
269Granite 4.2 3B–55.9%––
270LFM2.5-2.6B–55.8%––
271NVIDIA Nemotron Nano 9B V2 (Non-reasoning)none55.7%––
272QwQ 32B-Preview–55.7%––
273Nova 2.0 Omni (Non-reasoning)none55.5%––
274Gemma 4 E4B (Non-reasoning)none54.9%––
275Solar Pro 2 (Preview) (Non-reasoning)none54.4%––
276Gemini 2.0 Flash-Litenone54.2%––
277K2-V2 (Low)low54.1%––
278Olmo 3.1 32B Instructnone53.9%––
279Tri-21B-think Preview–53.8%––
280Devstral Small 2none53.2%––
281Reka Flash 3–52.9%––
282Olmo 3 7B Think–51.6%––
283Exaone 4.0 1.2B (Reasoning)–51.5%––
284LFM2.5-8B-A1B–51.3%––
285NVIDIA Nemotron 3 Nano 4B–51.3%––
286GPT-4.1 Nanonone51.2%––
287Grok 2none51.0%––
288Pixtral Largenone50.5%––
289Mistral Small 3.2none50.5%––
290Nova Pronone49.9%––
291Llama 3.3 70bnone49.8%––
292Devstral Mediumnone49.2%––
293Qwen 2.5 72Bnone49.1%––
294Opus 3none48.9%––
295Mistral Large 2none48.6%––
296Granite 4.1 30Bnone48.1%––
297Llama Nemotron Super 49B v1.5 (Non-reasoning)none48.1%––
298LFM2 24B A2Bnone47.4%––
299Sonarnone47.1%––
300Grok Betanone47.1%––
301Ministral 3 8Bnone47.1%––
302Nemotron 3 Nano Omni 30B A3B Reasoning–46.9%––
303Qwen 2.5 32Bnone46.6%––
304Gemini 1.5 Flashnone46.3%––
305Mistral Small 3none46.2%––
306Qwen 3.5 2B–45.6%––
307Mistral Small 3.1none45.4%––
308NVIDIA Nemotron Nano 12B v2 VL (Non-reasoning)none43.9%––
309G9v3-3B–43.8%––
310Devstral Smallnone43.4%––
311Gemma 4 E2B (Reasoning)–43.3%––
312Nova Litenone43.3%––
313Granite 4.1 8Bnone43.3%––
314Llama 3.2 90bnone43.2%––
315Gemma 3 27Bnone42.8%––
316Jamba 1.5 Largenone42.7%––
317GPT-4o mininone42.6%––
318Molmo2-8Bnone42.5%––
319Mistralnone42.4%––
320Exaone 4.0 1.2B (Non-reasoning)none42.4%––
321DeepSeek V2.5none42.3%––
322Qwen 2.5 Codernone41.7%––
323Granite 4.0 H Smallnone41.6%––
324Sarvam M (Reasoning, Based on Mistral Small 3.1)high41.6%––
325Kimi Linear 48B A3B Instructnone41.2%––
326Qwen 2.5 Turbonone41.0%––
327Haiku 3.5none40.8%––
328Gemma 4 E2B (Non-reasoning)none40.5%––
329Sonnet 3none40.0%––
330Olmo 3 7B Instructnone40.0%––
331NVIDIA Nemotron 3 Nano 30B A3B (Non-reasoning)none39.9%––
332Jamba 1.7 Largenone39.0%––
333Jamba 1.6 Largenone38.7%––
334Mistral Smallnone38.1%––
335Llama 3 70bnone37.9%––
336Haiku 3none37.4%––
337Qwen 2 72Bnone37.1%––
338Nova Micronone35.8%––
339Ministral 3 3Bnone35.8%––
340Qwen 3 1.7B–35.6%––
341Mistral Largenone35.1%––
342GPT-4none34.9%––
343Mistral Mediumnone34.9%––
344Gemma 3 12Bnone34.9%––
345Claude 2.0none34.4%––
346LFM2 8B A1Bnone34.4%––
347LFM2.5-1.2B-Thinking–33.9%––
348Granite 3.3 8B (Non-reasoning)none33.8%––
349Granite 4.0 Micronone33.6%––
350Jamba Reasoning 3B–33.3%––
351Mixtral 8x22B Instructnone33.2%––
352Phi-4 Mini Instructnone33.1%––
353DBRX Instructnone33.1%––
354Claude Instantnone33.0%––
355OLMo 2 32Bnone32.8%––
356LFM 40Bnone32.7%––
357Llama 2 70bnone32.7%––
358LFM2.5-1.2B-Instructnone32.6%––
359Command-R+ (Apr '24)none32.3%––
360Jamba 1.7 Mininone32.2%––
361Llama 2 13bnone32.1%––
362Phi-3 Mini Instruct 3.8Bnone31.9%––
363Claude 2.1none31.9%––
364DeepSeek Coder V2 Lite Instructnone31.9%––
365Phi-4 Multimodal Instructnone31.5%––
366Granite 4.1 3Bnone31.4%––
367LFM2 2.6Bnone30.6%––
368MiniCPM-V 4.6 1.3Bnone30.5%––
369Tiny Aya Globalnone30.5%––
370Jamba 1.5 Mininone30.2%––
371Jamba 1.6 Mininone30.0%––
372GPT-3.5none29.7%––
373Llama 3 8bnone29.6%––
374Gemma 3n E4B Instructnone29.6%––
375K2 Horizon 0.9B–29.3%––
376Mixtral 8x7B Instructnone29.2%––
377Gemma 3 4Bnone29.1%––
378Qwen 1.5 110Bnone28.9%––
379LFM2.5-VL-1.6Bnone28.9%––
380OLMo 2 7Bnone28.8%––
381Command-R (Mar '24)none28.4%––
382Granite 4.0 1Bnone28.1%––
383MiniCPM5-1B (Reasoning)–27.8%––
384Gemma 3n E4B Instruct Preview (May '25)none27.8%––
385Gemini 1.0 Pronone27.7%––
386Apertus 70B Instructnone27.2%––
387Llama 3.1 8bnone27.0%––
388MiniCPM5-1B (Non-reasoning)none26.9%––
389Granite 4.0 H 1Bnone26.3%––
390Granite 4.0 350Mnone26.1%––
391Granite 4.0 H 350Mnone25.7%––
392Apertus 8B Instructnone25.6%––
393Llama 3.2 3bnone25.5%––
394Molmo 7B-Dnone24.0%––
395Qwen 3 0.6B–23.9%––
396Gemma 3 1Bnone23.7%––
397Qwen 3.5 0.8Bnone23.6%––
398OpenChat 3.5 (1210)none23.0%––
399Gemma 3n E2B Instructnone22.9%––
400LFM2 1.2Bnone22.8%––
401Llama 2 7bnone22.7%––
402Gemma 3 270Mnone22.4%––
403Llama 3.2 11bnone22.1%––
404Llama 3.2 1bnone19.6%––